Sexting is slang for the act of sending sexually explicit or suggestive content between mobile devices using SMS. A portmanteau of sex and texting , sexting was reported as early as in The Sunday Telegraph Magazine , [96] constituting a trend in the creative use of SMS to excite another with alluring messages throughout the day.
Although sexting often takes place consensually between two people, it can also occur against the wishes of a person who is the subject of the content. One in five teen girls surveyed 22 percent —and 11 percent of teen girls aged 13—16 years old—say they have electronically sent, or posted online, nude or semi-nude images of themselves. One-third 33 percent of teen boys and one-quarter 25 percent of teen girls say they were shown private nude or semi-nude images. According to the survey, sexually suggestive messages text, e-mail, and instant messaging were even more common than images, with 39 percent of teens having sent or posted such messages, and half of teens 50 percent having received them.
A study that has received wide international media attention was conducted at the University of Utah Department of Psychology by Donald S. They surveyed teenagers ages 14—18 and found that nearly 20 percent of the students said they had sent a sexually explicit image of themselves via cell phone, and nearly twice as many said that they had received a sexually explicit picture. Of those receiving such a picture, over 25 percent indicated that they had forwarded it to others.
In addition, of those who had sent a sexually explicit picture, over a third had done so despite believing that there could be serious legal and other consequences if they got caught. Students who had sent a picture by cell phone were more likely than others to find the activity acceptable.
Text messaging has affected students academically by creating an easier way to cheat on exams. In December , a dozen students were caught cheating on an accounting exam through the use of text messages on their mobile phones. According to Okada , most Japanese mobile phones can send and receive long text messages of between and characters with graphics, video, audio, and Web links.
Further, published research has established that students who text during college lectures have impaired memories of the lecture material compared to students who do not. Spreading rumors and gossip by text message, using text messages to bully individuals, or forwarding texts that contain defamatory content is an issue of great concern for parents and schools. Text "bullying" of this sort can cause distress and damage reputations. In some cases, individuals who are bullied online have committed suicide.
Harding and Rosenberg argue that the urge to forward text messages can be difficult to resist, describing text messages as "loaded weapons".
Mobile messaging basics
When a student sends an email that contains phonetic abbreviations and acronyms that are common in text messaging e. In a study by Lewandowski and Harrington , participants read a student's email sent to a professor that either contained text-messaging abbreviations gr8, How R U? Specifically, abbreviation users were seen as less intelligent, responsible, motivated, studious, dependable, and hard-working.
These findings suggest that the nature of a student's email communication can influence how others perceive the student and their work. Text messaging has been a subject of interest for police forces around the world. One of the issues of concern to law enforcement agencies is the use of encrypted text messages. For example, Swedish police retrieved deleted texts from a cult member who claimed she committed a double murder based on forwarded texts she received.
Text messaging
Several thieves have been caught and children have been found using the SMS Alerts. The service has been expanding to other cities.
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The Boston Police Department asks citizens to send texts to make anonymous crime tips. Under some interpretations of sharia law , husbands can divorce their wives by the pronouncement of talaq. In , a court in Malaysia upheld such a divorce pronouncement which was transmitted via SMS. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in that under the state constitution, police require a warrant before obtaining access to text messages without consent.
Texting has been used on a number of occasions with the result of the gathering of large aggressive crowds. Not only were text messages circulating in the Sydney area, but in other states as well Daily Telegraph. The volume of such text messages and e-mails also increased in the wake of the riot.
Officials say it is an easy way of contacting community or individuals for meetings or events. Between and the U. The service was funded by the U. Agency for International Development through its Office of Transition Initiatives , who utiliized contractors and front companies in the Cayman Islands, Spain and Ireland. A longer term objective was to organize "smart mobs" that might "renegotiate the balance of power between the state and society. At its peak ZunZuneo had 40, Cuban users, but the service closed as financially unsustainable when U.
Text messaging has affected the political world. American campaigns find that text messaging is a much easier, cheaper way of getting to the voters than the door-to-door approach. The popular campaign against him was widely reported to have been co-ordinated with SMS chain letters.
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During the U. Text messaging has helped politics by promoting campaigns. On 20 January , President Joseph Estrada of the Philippines became the first head of state in history to lose power to a smart mob.
Build mobile text messaging into your web apps
These people have organized themselves and coordinated their actions through text messaging. They were able to bring down a government without having to use any weapons or violence. Through text messaging, their plans and ideas were communicated to others and successfully implemented.
Also, this move encouraged the military to withdraw their support from the regime, and as a result, the Estrada government fell. Text messaging is a rapidly growing trend in Healthcare. Where messages could be saved to a phone indefinitely, patient information could be subject to theft or loss, and could be seen by other unauthorized persons. The excessive use of the thumb for pressing keys on mobile devices has led to a high rate of a form of repetitive strain injury termed "BlackBerry thumb" although this refers to strain developed on older Blackberry devices, which had a scroll wheel on the side of the phone.
An inflammation of the tendons in the thumb caused by constant text-messaging is also called text-messager's thumb, or texting tenosynovitis. Increasing cases of Internet addiction are now also being linked to text messaging, as mobile phones are now more likely to have e-mail and Web capabilities to complement the ability to text. Texting etiquette refers to what is considered appropriate texting behavior.
One example from the site is: No one wants to have an entire conversation with you by texting when you could just call him or her instead. Typing a text message in all capital letters will appear as though you are shouting at the recipient, and should be avoided. Expectations for etiquette may differ depending on various factors. For example, expectations for appropriate behavior have been found to differ markedly between the U.
How the Millennial Generation Is Rocking the Workplace , Lynne Lancaster and David Stillman note that younger Americans often do not consider it rude to answer their cell or begin texting in the middle of a face-to-face conversation with someone else, while older people, less used to the behavior and the accompanying lack of eye contact or attention, find this to be disruptive and ill-mannered. In , an increasing trend towards spamming mobile phone users through SMS prompted cellular-service carriers to take steps against the practice, before it became a widespread problem.
No major spamming incidents involving SMS had been reported as of March [update] , but the existence of mobile phone spam [] has been noted by industry watchdogs including Consumer Reports magazine and the Utility Consumers' Action Network UCAN. In SMiShing, users receive SMS messages posing to be from a company, enticing users to phone premium-rate numbers or reply with personal information.
Similar concerns were reported by PhonepayPlus, a consumer watchdog in the United Kingdom, in Concerns have been voiced [] over the excessive cost of off-plan text messaging in the United States. With service providers gaining more customers and expanding their capacity, their overhead costs should be decreasing, not increasing. In , text messaging generated nearly 70 billion dollars in revenue, as reported by Gartner, industry analysts, three times as much as Hollywood box office sales in World figures showed that over a trillion text messages were sent in Although major cellphone providers deny any collusion, fees for out-of-package text messages have increased, doubling from 10 to 20 cents in the United States between and alone.
While text messaging is still a growing market, traditional SMS are becoming increasingly challenged by alternative messaging services which are available on smartphones with data connections. These services are much cheaper and offer more functionality like exchanging of multimedia content e.
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